There is no single way to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. Doctors first try to rule out other conditions that can cause memory loss. The first round of tests for Alzheimer's is non-invasive and simple. Common screeners are used to see whether a problem exists. From there, further testing may be required.
- Employing a series of simple cognitive tests.
- Evaluating brain images, and neurological and psychological testing.
- Reviewing medical history, physical exams, and lab tests.
When all of these are used, it is estimated that doctors can provide an Alzheimer's diagnosis with about 90 percent accuracy.
These are some of the simple tests that might be used to help make a diagnosis:
Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)The MMSE is one of the most common tests used to evaluate function. The doctor may ask the patient to do a few verbal exercises that will only take 5-10 minutes. The test evaluates short-term memory, language ability, and attention.
Symptom ScreenerThe symptom screener can help if you have noticed problems. It identifies whether symptoms could be Alzheimer's. Answer the eight questions about changes you have noticed. Then share them with the doctor.
The Mini-CogThe mini-cog is a series of two simple tests. These two tests together give doctors an assessment of basic cognition. They can help determine if further tests are necessary.
- Three-Word Recall
The patient will be asked to recall a list of words. If recall fails, it may indicate a problem.
- The Clock Draw Test (CDT)
The clock draw test is another part of the mini-cog. Watch the video below. Then follow the instructions to have your loved one take the test. Bring the results to the next doctor visit.
See scoring for clock draw test
- a closed circle
- properly placed numbers
- including all twelve numbers
- properly placed hands
A low score may mean that further tests are required. If you or a loved one take the test, make sure to ask the doctor what the results mean. Also, find out if any more tests are needed.
If your doctor decides further testing is necessary, an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (X-ray computerized tomography) scan might be ordered. These are brain-imaging tests that help your doctor make a diagnosis.
The DSM-IV is a diagnostic manual. It is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It includes all currently recognized mental health disorders. Your doctor will refer to this manual to make a diagnosis of any type of dementia.
